Developed to rival the Binet test, the “Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale” (WAIS) is a test designed to measure an adult’s Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Building on its success, its author went on to design the WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) for children aged 6 to 16. Today, its fifth and latest version, the WISC-V, is still used to assess children’s cognitive functioning. An overview.

A general intelligence test for children

Looking at the etymology of the word “intelligence,” made up of the prefix “inter” meaning “between” and the verb “legere” meaning “to discern, to untangle, to understand,” it’s commonly accepted that intelligence is linked to reasoning and reflection.

For some psychologists, such as David Wechsler, there is a single general intelligence, while others describe it as multiple, independent abilities: logical-mathematical intelligence, bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence, verbal-linguistic intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and so on.

The standardised intelligence scale designed by David Wechsler measures only general intelligence, through the calculation of IQ, which is the purpose of the test. Designed in 1939 for adults, it was later adapted for children aged 6 to 16 in 1949. Note that a scale for younger children was created in 1967, the WPPSI (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence).

How is the WISC-V test structured?

After a clinical interview with the child and parents (the case history), the psychological assessment continues with the WISC-V test itself. Divided into 5 parts, it provides indicators of the child’s performance:

  • Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), the subtest on similarities and vocabulary;
  • Visual Spatial Index (VSI), the subtest on block design;
  • Working Memory Index (WMI), the subtest on digit span;
  • Fluid Reasoning Index (FRI), the subtest on matrices and figure weights;
  • Processing Speed Index (PSI), the subtest on coding.

The calculation of the Intelligence Quotient is based on the results obtained. Note that other subtests can provide additional indices, such as those for cognitive proficiency, quantitative reasoning, or auditory working memory.

How should the results of the Wechsler scale be interpreted?

The results of the WISC-V test are read as part of a psychological assessment. After both a quantitative and qualitative analysis, the professional offers a feedback session for the children and parents.

The Wechsler scale can support the diagnosis of an individual with High Intellectual Potential (HPI, or “gifted”), but it can also identify cognitive disorders, such as DYS disorders and Attention Deficit Disorder, with or without Hyperactivity (ADHD), as well as intellectual disability.

In every case, this assessment by a qualified psychologist will help you better understand the situation and provide better support for your child.